Introduction

Background: Settled as early as 1000 B.C., Samoa was "discovered" by European explorers in the 18th century. International rivalries in the latter half of the 19th century were settled by an 1899 treaty in which Germany and the US divided the Samoan archipelago. The US formally occupied its portion - a smaller group of eastern islands with the excellent harbor of Pago Pago - the following year.

Geography

Location: Oceania, group of islands in the South Pacific Ocean, about half way between Hawaii and New Zealand

Geographic coordinates: 14 20 S, 170 00 W

Map references: Oceania

Area:

total: 199 sq km

land: 199 sq km

water: 0 sq. km

Note: includes Rose Island and Swains Island

Area - comparative: slightly larger than Washington, DC

Land boundaries: 0 km

Coastline: 116 km

Maritime claims:

territorial sea: 12 nm

exclusive economic zone: 200 nm

Climate: tropical marine, moderated by southeast trade winds; annual rainfall averages about 3 m; rainy season from November to April, dry season from May to October; little seasonal temperature variation

Terrain: five volcanic islands with rugged peaks and limited coastal plains, two coral atolls (Rose Island, Swains Island)

Elevation extremes:

lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m

highest point: Lata 966 m

Natural resources: pumice, pumicite

Land use:

arable land: 10%

permanent crops: 15%

other: 75% (2001)

Irrigated land: N/A sq. km

Natural hazards: typhoons common from December to March

Environment - current issues: limited natural fresh water resources; the water division of the government has spent substantial funds in the past few years to improve water catchments and pipelines

Geography - note: Pago Pago has one of the best natural deepwater harbors in the South Pacific Ocean, sheltered by shape from rough seas and protected by peripheral mountains from high winds; strategic location in the South Pacific Ocean

People

Population: 57,881 (July 2005 est.)

Age structure:

0-14 years: 35.7% (male 10,705/female 9,956)

15-64 years: 61.3% (male 18,351/female 17,125)

65 years and over: 3% (male 664/female 1,080) (2005 est.)

Median age:

total: 22.76 year   male: 22.5 years   female: 23.05 years (2005 est.)

Population growth rate: -0.11% (2005 est.)

Birth rate: 23.13 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)

Death rate: 3.33 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)

Net migration rate: 20.89 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)

Sex ratio:

at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female

under 15 years: 1.08 male(s)/female

15-64 years: 1.07 male(s)/female

65 years and over: 0.62 male(s)/female

total population: 1.06 male(s)/female (2005 est.)

Infant mortality rate:

total: 9.27 deaths/1,000 live births

male: 9.85 deaths/1,000 live births

female: 8.65 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)

Life expectancy at birth:

total population: 75.84 years

male: 72.27 years

female: 79.62 years (2005 est.)

Total fertility rate: 3.25 children born/woman (2005 est.)

HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate: N/A

HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS: N/A

HIV/AIDS - deaths: N/A

Nationality: noun: American Samoan(s);adjective: American Samoan

Ethnic groups: native Pacific islander 92.9%, Asian 2.9%, white 1.2%, mixed 2.8%, other 0.2% (2000 census)

Religions: Christian Congregationalist 50%, Roman Catholic 20%, Protestant and other 30%

Languages: Samoan 90.6% (closely related to Hawaiian and other Polynesian languages), English 2.9%, Tongan 2.4%, other Pacific islander 2.1%, other 2%

note: most people are bilingual (2000 census)

Literacy:

definition: age 15 and over can read and write

total population: 97%

male: 98%

female: 97% (1980 est.)

Government

Country name: conventional long form: Territory of American Samoa;conventional short form: American Samoa;abbreviation: AS

Dependency status: unincorporated and unorganized territory of the US; administered by the Office of Insular Affairs, US Department of the Interior

Government type: NA

Capital: Pago Pago

Administrative divisions: none (territory of the US); there are no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US Government, but there are three districts and two islands* at the second order; Eastern, Manu'a, Rose Island*, Swains Island*, Western

Independence: none (territory of the US)

National holiday: Flag Day, 17 April (1900)

Constitution: ratified 2 June 1966, in effect 1 July 1967

Legal system: N/A

Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal

Executive branch:

chief of state: President George W. BUSH of the US (since 20 January 2001) and Vice President Richard B. CHENEY (since 20 January 2001)

head of government: Governor Togiola TULAFONO (since 7 April 2003)

cabinet: cabinet made up of 12 department directors

elections: US president and vice president elected on the same ticket for four-year terms; governor and lieutenant governor elected on the same ticket by popular vote for four-year terms; election last held 2 and 16 November 2004 (next to be held November 2008)

election results: Togiola TULAFONO elected governor; percent of vote - Togiola TULAFONO 55.7%, Afoa Moega LUTU 44.3%

Legislative branch: bicameral Fono or Legislative Assembly consists of the House of Representatives (21 seats - 20 of which are elected by popular vote and 1 is an appointed, nonvoting delegate from Swains Island; members serve two-year terms) and the Senate (18 seats; members are elected from local chiefs and serve four-year terms)

elections: House of Representatives - last held 2 November 2004 (next to be held November 2006); Senate - last held 2 November 2004 (next to be held November 2008)

election results: House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - NA; Senate - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - independents 18

note: American Samoa elects one nonvoting representative to the US House of Representatives; election last held 2 November 2004 (next to be held November 2006); results - Eni F. H. FALEOMAVAEGA (Democrat) reelected as delegate

Judicial branch: High Court (chief justice and associate justices are appointed by the US Secretary of the Interior)

Economy

Economy - overview: This is a traditional Polynesian economy in which more than 90% of the land is communally owned. Economic activity is strongly linked to the US, with which American Samoa conducts most of its foreign trade. Tuna fishing and tuna processing plants are the backbone of the private sector, with canned tuna the primary export. Transfers from the US Government add substantially to American Samoa's economic well-being. Attempts by the government to develop a larger and broader economy are restrained by Samoa's remote location, its limited transportation, and its devastating hurricanes. Tourism is a promising developing sector.

GDP: purchasing power parity - $500 million (2000 est.)

GDP - real growth rate: N/A

GDP - per capita: purchasing power parity - $8,000 (2000 est.)

GDP - composition by sector: agriculture: NA%;industry: N/A%;services: NA%

Labor force: 14,000 (1996)

Labor force - by occupation: tuna canneries 34%, government 33%, other 33% (1990)

Unemployment rate: 6% (2000)

Population below poverty line: N/A

Household income or consumption by percentage share: lowest 10%: NA%;highest 10%: NA%

Inflation rate (consumer prices): N/A%

Budget:

revenues: $121 million (37% in local revenue and 63% in US grants)

expenditures: $127 million, including capital expenditures of NA (FY96/97)

Agriculture - products: bananas, coconuts, vegetables, taro, breadfruit, yams, copra, pineapples, papayas; dairy products, livestock

Industries: tuna canneries (largely supplied by foreign fishing vessels), handicrafts

Industrial production growth rate: N/A%

Electricity - production: 130 million kWh (2002)

Electricity - consumption: 120.9 million kWh (2002)

Electricity - exports: 0 kWh (2002)

Electricity - imports: 0 kWh (2002)

Oil - production: 0 bbl/day (2001 est.)

Oil - consumption: 3,800 bbl/day (2001 est.)

Oil - exports: N/A

Oil - imports: N/A

Exports: $30 million (2002)

Exports - commodities: canned tuna 93%

Exports - partners: Samoa 41.6%, Australia 21.8%, Japan 16.6%, New Zealand 7.7%, Canada 4.2% (2004)

Imports: $123 million (2002)

Imports - commodities: materials for canneries 56%, food 8%, petroleum products 7%, machinery and parts 6%

Imports - partners: Japan 32.3%, New Zealand 30.4%, Germany 14.6%, Australia 9.2% (2004)

Debt - external: $N/A

Economic aid - recipient: important financial support from the US, more than $40 million in 1994

Currency (code): US dollar (USD)

Exchange rates: the US dollar is used

Fiscal year: 1 October - 30 September

Communications

Telephones - main lines in use: 15,000 (2001)

Telephones - mobile cellular: 2,377 (1999)

Telephone system:

general assessment: NA

domestic: good telex, telegraph, facsimile and cellular telephone services; domestic satellite system with 1 Comsat earth station

international: country code - 1-684; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean)

Radio broadcast stations: AM 3, FM 4, shortwave 1 (2004)

Television broadcast stations: 1; note - one cable TV station (2004)

Internet country code: .as

Internet users: NA

Transportation

Highways: total: 185 km;paved: 185 km;unpaved: 0 km (2004)

Ports and harbors: Pago Pago

Airports: 3 (2004 est.)

Airports - with paved runways: total: 2;2,438 to 3,047 m: 1;under 914 m: 1 (2004 est.)